Chapter 1: Defining Philosophy
Origins, definitions, core branches (Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology, Logic), and the fundamental philosophical attitudes.
Chapter 2: Basic Argument Concepts
Premises and conclusions, recognizing arguments, deductive vs inductive arguments, validity, truth, and soundness.
Chapter 3: Logic and Language
Cognitive vs emotive meanings, types of definitions, intensional vs extensional definitions, and criteria for lexical definitions.
Chapter 4: Critical Thinking Concepts
Standards of critical thinking, barriers to critical thought (egocentrism, sociocentrism, relativistic thinking), and cognitive biases.
Chapter 5: Informal Fallacies
Fallacies of relevance, weak induction, presumption, ambiguity, and grammatical analogy. Diagnostic examples and exercises.
Chapter 6: Categorical Propositions
Standard form categorical statements (A, E, I, O), Venn diagrams, traditional square of opposition, and categorical syllogisms.